Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Cell Count , Child , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Lymphocytes/immunology , Malaria/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Plasmodium falciparum , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology , Reference Values , ThailandABSTRACT
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) using cell-free extracts of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and Trypanosoma brucei as antigens and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) using commercially prepared reagents were compared for their diagnostic efficacy and applicability to immunoepidemiological studies in an area of Bangladesh where kala-azar is present. The CIE was positive for all parasitologically confirmed cases whereas the IHA positivity was only 60%. The T. brucei antigen was equally as good, if not better, than the L. donovani antigen for CIE. The CIE test was negative for all of 34 apparently healthy villagers. For this same group of individuals, 10 (29%) were low titre-IHA positive. The findings suggest that CIE is the more reliable diagnostic test but both methods should be employed for immunoepidemiological investigations.
Subject(s)
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis , Hemagglutination Tests , Humans , Immunoelectrophoresis , Leishmania donovani/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/immunologySubject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , India , Malaria/prevention & control , Vaccines/immunologyABSTRACT
An immunoepidemiological survey for cysticercosis was carried out in an endemic focus of Irian Jaya by use of a counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) technique. All individuals with palpable subcutaneous cysticerci were serologically positive by this technique as were 77.3% of the individuals giving a history of epileptiform seizures and 22.5% with no clinical complaints. The possible application of CIEP for epidemiological surveillance is discussed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Counterimmunoelectrophoresis , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoelectrophoresis , Indonesia , Infant , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A blood survey for filariasis was carried out in the Kepu District of Jakarta. Examination of stained 20 c.mm finger-prick blood thick films and membrane filter concentration (MFC) of 1 ml venous blood. The youngest age group examined, 5-9 years old revealed a mf rate of 17% of which 71% were of a low density character detected by MFC only. The mf rate appears to remain relatively constant from the 10-14 year old group onward, approximately 35%, but at all age groups at least half the infections were of low density. The highest mf rate and density was observed present in the 15-20 year old group.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Blood Specimen Collection/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Filariasis/blood , Filtration/methods , Health Surveys , Humans , Indonesia , Infant , Male , Membranes , Middle Aged , Wuchereria/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A blood survey employing membrane filter concentration (MFC) and examination of stained 20 c.mm thick blood films as diagnostic methods was carried out in Banjar Regency of South Borneo, an area of endemic B. malayi filariasis. In untreated populations the mf rate, as revealed by MFC, ranged from 23.2% for the 5-9 year old group to 43.7% for the greater than 50 year old group. For all age groups approximately one half of the microfilaraemias were of a low grade nature, diagnosed by MFC only. In a population that had been subjected to mass DEC administration 1 1/2 years prior to this survey, the MFC-diagnosed rate was 15%. Approximately two thirds of these infections were of very low density, the average density being 2.2 mf/ml.